The number of foreign-born residents in England and Wales has risen by nearly three million since 2001 to 7.5 million people, the 2011 census shows.
The most common birthplaces outside of the UK for residents are India, Poland and Pakistan. The number of ethnic white British has dropped to 80%.
The number of people living in England and Wales is up 7% to 56.1 million.
The Office for National Statistics said the findings showed a "diverse" and "changing" picture.
The 2011 statistics show 13% of usual residents were born outside the UK.
London had both the largest proportion of usual residents born outside the UK (37%) and non-UK nationals (24%.)
More than half the rise in the population of the England and Wales was due to migration.
Those calling themselves Christians was down 13 percentage points at 59% (33.2 million) in 2011, from 72% (37.3 million) in 2001.
The number of those who said they had no religious affiliation increased by 10 percentage points from 15% (7.7 million) in 2001 to 25% (14.1 million) in 2011.
The census also shows that, while fewer people own their own home, more people own it outright. Just under 15 million households owned their own home in 2011, either with a mortgage or loan, or outright - a decrease of four percentage points since 2001.
The 2011 census shows beyond any doubt that the UK is now in the midst of an astonishing era of demographic change due to globalisation.
Parts of the country are witnessing such rapid flows and movements of people that they are becoming super-diverse - home to many different people from many different backgrounds.
If you want just a snapshot of that rapid change - look at Boston in Lincolnshire.
In 2001, it was home to fewer than 1,500 people born abroad - and because of a statistical quirk many of those are thought to have been people born to parents once stationed with the British Army in Germany.
Today, almost 10,000 people born abroad call Boston home - and it has more Polish residents than any other local authority outside of the South East. The 2011 census confirms what people see around them.
However, those who owned their home outright increased two percentage points from 29% (6.4 million) to 31% (7.2 million).
The group that rented from a private landlord or letting agency increased by six percentage points from 9% (1.9 million) in 2001 to 15% (3.6 million) in 2011.
Last year there was an average of 12 cars for every 10 households - up on 11 cars per 10 households in 2001. London was the only region where the number of vehicles was lower than the number of households.
In other findings:
- Muslims now make up 4.8% of the population of England and Wales
- The white British population has fallen 400,000 since 2001, now 80% down from 87%
- 45% of Londoners are white British, down from 58% in 2001
- 4.8 million people hold a foreign passport: 2.3 million from the EU and 2.4 million from outside the EU
- 42% of people in Norwich and Brighton say they have no religion, the highest level in England and Wales
- 2 million households with at least two people had partners or household members of different ethnic groups in 2011, a three percentage point increase on 2001 (1.4 million)
- The employment rate is estimated at 71.8%; unemployment is 7.5%
- In Northern Ireland, the number of Protestants is now 48% (down 5% on last census) and Catholics 45% (a rise of 1%)
- The number of people who speak Welsh has fallen in the past 10 years
The 2011 Census results for Scotland are drawn up separately by the Scottish government and are being released on Monday.
Guy Goodwin, from the Office of National Statistics, said the message coming through from the census was one of "considerable change but increasing diversity".
"The three examples I would give are the 7.5 million reported born abroad, with the top two countries India and Poland - Poland was not even in top 10 last time. Also increasing diversity among ethnic groups with the increase in black, Asian and other white groups. That will, of course, relate to the migration.
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Guy Goodwin, ONS: "Census shows diverse population"
"The third really big message coming through is changes in the religion mix, with four million fewer of us reporting that we are Christian and six million more of us saying we have no religion at all and one million saying their religion was Muslim.
"It's a really changing picture so the 2011 census population will go down as a diverse population compared with 2001."
This year's questionnaire - which was sent to around 26 million households in England and Wales on 27 March last year and was compulsory to fill in - came after the British Humanist Association (BHA) ran a campaign in the run-up encouraging non-religious people to tick the "no religion" box on the census form.
The only voluntary question in the census related to religion and allowed people to declare themselves to be Christian (all denominations), Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, of no religion or to list themselves as belonging to any other faith.
The census is carried out every 10 years, during which the public are asked questions about their jobs, health, education and ethnic background. Last year was the first time people could fill in the form online.
The answers are used to plan public services.
| Rank 2001 | Country | Number living in UK | Rank 2011 | Country | Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Republic of Ireland | 473,000 | 1 | India | 694,000 |
| 2 | India | 456,000 | 2 | Poland | 579,000 |
| 3 | Pakistan | 308,000 | 3 | Pakistan | 482,000 |
| 4 | Germany | 244,000 | 4 | Republic of Ireland | 407,000 |
| 5 | Bangladesh | 153,000 | 5 | Germany | 274,000 |
| 6 | Jamaica | 146,000 | 6 | Bangladesh | 212,000 |
| 7 | United States | 144,000 | 7 | Nigeria | 191,000 |
| 8 | South Africa | 132,000 | 8 | South Africa | 191,000 |
| 9 | Kenya | 127,000 | 9 | United States | 177,000 |
| 10 | Italy | 102,000 | 10 | Jamaica | 160,000 |
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