Almost a quarter of England's sixth forms and colleges did not produce any pupils with A-level grades sought by the leading universities, data shows.
Some 594 (23.4%) of the 2,540 schools teaching A-levels had no pupils with the two As and a B in the subjects recommended for top degree courses.
The data also shows some 215 schools missed the new government target of 40% of pupils obtaining five A*-C GCSEs.
The BBC is publishing its league tables for secondary schools in England.
The tables are drawn up from the latest official government data on pupils' academic achievement.
Overall they cover achievement in more than 4,000 mainstream state and independent schools, based mainly on the results of last summer's exams for 16- and 18-year-olds. In total, 2,540 schools and colleges in England run A-level courses.
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Much has been made of the inability of leading universities to recruit more bright students from a wider set of backgrounds. But this data shows that many schools are not producing students of a high enough calibre to automatically get places at such universities.
It also shows that in only two schools did more than 70% of pupils obtain two As and a B in what is known as the "facilitating" subjects favoured by the 20 Russell Group of some of the leading universities. And in only 16 schools did 50% or more pupils achieve these grades.
In 208 schools (8%) of the total a quarter of pupils or more reached the grades in these subjects.
- maths and further maths
- English literature
- physics
- biology
- chemistry
- geography
- history
- languages
The Russell Group of top universities introduced this list to identify the very best students and inform schools which subjects they expect pupils to sit if they wish to obtain a place on one of their degree courses. But they also look at a pupil's background before deciding whether to give them a place.
Its director general Dr Wendy Piatt said: "The Russell Group has published a guide called Informed Choices which lists 'facilitating subjects' which are those most commonly required for entry to our leading universities.
"However, it's important that students make decisions based on their individual circumstances. We encourage all prospective students to check the entry requirements for their chosen course before applying to a particular university."
Joy Mercer, director of policy at the Association of Colleges, said the achievement of three A-levels was a "blunt descriptor" and that would give a poor reflection of colleges and sixth form colleges where students were encouraged to combine vocational qualifications and A-levels within a very demanding programme.
"Institutions like this account for one-third of all A-levels taken in this country."
GCSE resultsAt GCSE level nationally, 59.4% of pupils in both maintained and independent schools reached the government's benchmark of five GCSEs (or equivalent qualifications) graded A* to C, including English and maths - up from 58.2% in 2011.
- best performing local authority: Kensington and Chelsea, where 79.6% of pupils achieved this standard
- worst performing authority: Knowsley on Merseyside, where 40.9% of pupils got five good GCSEs
- top GCSE results: Colyton Grammar School in Devon
- 113 schools saw 100% of pupils getting five GCSEs A*-C, including maths and English, down from 158 in 2011
- 18.3% of pupils nationally got the English Baccalaureate (A*-C passes in English, maths, two science subjects, a modern or ancient language, and either history or geography), up from 15.4% in 2011.
The schools with the lowest GCSE results was the selective Pate's Grammar school in Cheltenham, where 0% of pupils reached this benchmark.
However, this result was because pupils sat new English exams which the Department for Education does not recognise for the purpose of performance data.
Pate's head teacher Russell Ellicott said: "We decided to move our English curriculum to an IGCSE, not currently counted in the league tables, because we decided that particular curriculum included a greater depth of learning."
Excluding Pate's Grammar, the school with the lowest GCSE results was the Rushden Community College in Northamptonshire, where 6% of pupils got five A*-C GCSEs, including maths and English.
Head teacher Mark Lester said the college had entered pupils for English language and English exams but not English literature, which he said is the one counted by the DfE.
"Because of the decision made by the DfE about which English specification counts, we fall foul of that particular loophole."
If pupils' English exams had been counted, their pass rate including English and maths would have been 46%, he said.
Academy schools
The Department for Education hailed the success of its academy schools in the performance data.
It said sponsored academies were improving results at a record rate - more than five times as quickly than in all state-funded schools - with an increase of 3.1 percentage points. This compares to a 0.6 percentage point improvement across all state-funded schools.
But many of these would have been performing at a higher level, as sponsored academies tend to be struggling schools which are converted to academies because of their difficulties.
A spokesman said: "This shows we are right to continue to support the sponsored academy programme. These brilliant sponsors have a track record of arresting decline - and then reversing it."
General Secretary of the Nasuwt teaching union, Chris Keates, said: "Everyone recognises that there is more to be done to ensure that the best is being achieved for every child, but the government's approach of manufacturing deficiencies to seek to justify its flawed education policies, rather than celebrating success is counter productive and divisive."
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