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Sir Michael Wilshaw said a spotlight needed to be shone on local authorities that are failing children
Many of the poor children being left behind in schools now are in suburbs, market towns and seaside resorts rather than big cities, England's chief inspector of schools has said.
In a speech, Sir Michael Wilshaw said such pupils were often an "invisible minority" in schools rated good or outstanding in quite affluent areas.
He wants a new team of "National Service Teachers" sent in to help.
Sir Michael has praised big improvements in London schools.
And he says other big cities, such as Birmingham, Greater Manchester, Liverpool and Leicester, have also made great strides.
'Unseen children'"Today, many of the disadvantaged children performing least well in school can be found in leafy suburbs, market towns or seaside resorts," he said in the speech in London.
"Often they are spread thinly, as an 'invisible minority' across areas that are relatively affluent.
"These poor, unseen children can be found in mediocre schools the length and breadth of our country. They are labelled, buried in lower sets, consigned as often as not to indifferent teaching.
"They coast through education until, at the earliest opportunity, they sever their ties with it."
- 37% of pupils on free school meals (FSM) achieve good GCSEs in maths and English
- Among other pupils, 63% do
- Schools receive extra money for each pupil on FSM - known as the pupil premium
Sir Michael told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that many of the 1.2 million children in England on free school meals were not doing well and that "two-thirds of these are white British children".
"Where the problems now are, are in schools, good schools, outstanding schools, in county areas, with small proportions of poor children that are doing extremely badly."
In a new report published on Thursday, he makes recommendations aimed at closing the achievement gap between rich and poor.
"National Service Teachers", he says, should be employed by central government to teach in "schools in parts of the country that are currently failing their most disadvantaged pupils".
And he is calling for smaller, "sub-regional" versions of the London Challenge, the initiative which ran in the capital in the 2000s and is credited with turning around many schools.
Under this Labour policy, schools were encouraged to help each other, with successful schools, heads and teachers working with those in less successful schools with similar intakes and circumstances.
The chief inspector also:
- Confirmed that schools will not be rated as outstanding by inspectors if pupils on free school meals fall significantly behind others
- Warned that schools will be inspected earlier than planned if poorer children there are not doing well
- Called for data to be published on progress made in primary schools by children between reception and age seven
- Recommended ways of closing the achievement gap in further education or on apprenticeships
In England, the government has committed itself to closing the achievement gap.
The gap is seen in the national figures for 2011-12, which show that only 37% of 16-year-olds eligible for free school meals got a GCSE in maths and English at grade C or higher, compared with 63% of other pupils that age.
The coalition introduced an extra payment for schools - known as the pupil premium - for each pupil who receives free school meals.
This was about £600 and is rising to £900 in September.
A Department for Education spokesman said: "Closing the unacceptable attainment gap between disadvantaged pupils and their peers is at the heart of our reforms. That is why we introduced the pupil premium, worth £2.5bn per year by 2015, to target additional funding for disadvantaged pupils.
"Ofsted itself has increased its focus on how schools use the pupil premium to narrow gaps in their inspections."
The spokesman added that other changes, to exams and the curriculum and the academies programme, would lift standards too.
Labour's Shadow Education Secretary, Stephen Twigg, said his party's plans were to increase collaboration between schools to improve standards, as Sir Michael recommended, but those of the government encouraged schools to "go it alone".
"This gap narrowed under Labour and Michael Wilshaw is right to say that our policies, such as London Challenge in which successful schools helped struggling ones, were key to this," he said.
"Labour will ensure all schools work together to raise standards for every child."
'Isolated communities'
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Mary Bousted, Association of Teachers and Lecturers: "[Rural] schools need extra help and extra interventions"
Mary Bousted, head of the teachers' union, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, said the underachievement of poor rural children was not a new problem.
It had been highlighted in a 2008 report but had not been the focus of government attention "for too long", she told BBC's Breakfast programme.
One of the main factors was the isolation of schools and communities, particularly in coastal areas, where there were low wages, high worklessness, children not prepared for learning and children being moved in and out of schools, she said.
Such schools needed extra help and interventions, she added.
She also spoke of the "hidden" poor who were being taught in leafy suburbs among mostly children from affluent homes.
These schools often lacked the expertise or experience of inner-city schools of working with deprived children, she said.
'Regular testing'Platanos College in Stockwell, south London, is one of the London schools to have turned itself around. Some 60% of pupils there receive free school meals.
Deputy head teacher Michael Rush said that in 2000, just 11% of pupils achieved five GCSEs at C grade or above.
Last year, 80% of all pupils achieved five good GCSEs including English and maths, with teenagers on free school meals only a few percentage points behind at 77% - way above the average for pupils on free school meals nationally.
Mr Rush said: "If you look at our intake, we don't have an option not to target the disadvantaged kids as they make up a high proportion of our students.
"We have had to look seriously at how to close the gap and raise the achievement of all children."
He said the school's strategies included having good information about children's abilities through regular testing and then targeting them with the right support.
Children are grouped by ability and there is an emphasis on getting the basics of English and maths right, plus extra classes at weekends and in the holidays - especially for the GCSE years.
Mr Rush said data was important - with the school educating children and parents about the various levels - and that all pupils were set "very challenging targets".
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