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The BBC's Jon Donnison reports from a street destroyed by "a wall of water"
The UN has launched an appeal for $301m (£190m) to help relief efforts in typhoon-hit areas of the Philippines.
At least 10,000 people are feared to have been killed by Typhoon Haiyan, which struck the central Philippines on Friday.
The UN says more than 11 million people are believed to have been affected by the storm and some 673,000 displaced.
Several countries have deployed ships to help the relief effort, but bad weather is hampering aid distribution.
Valerie Amos, the UN's Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief, has arrived in Manila to head the aid operation.
She told the BBC the storm had been far worse than expected, and that people in the affected regions were "absolutely desperate".
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Valerie Amos announces the UN's $301m appeal
"They need food, they need water, they need shelter. People need to be protected," she said.
Helicopters were also in urgent need to help with assessing the damage, she said.
She told reporters the UN would work alongside the Philippine government, and that efforts would focus on "food, health, sanitation, shelter, debris removal and also protection of the most vulnerable".
"I very much hope our donors will be generous," she said.
"Start Quote
End QuoteAuntie, we need help! Please! We are okay but the house is destroyed"
The BBC's Imogen Foulkes, at the UN in Geneva, says the operation will be one of the most challenging the body has ever mounted.
Survivors are scattered across several of the 7,000 islands which make up the Philippines, says our correspondent, and many areas have not yet been reached, so the figures of those in need - and the estimated death toll of 10,000 - could rise.
Security fearsThe UN had already released $25m to address the immediate needs of survivors. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon described the situation as "heartbreaking".
Philippine President Benigno Aquino has declared a state of national calamity.
In a statement, he said the two worst affected provinces, Leyte and Samar, had suffered massive destruction and loss of life.
He authorised the release of emergency relief funds and deployed troops to affected areas.
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) has put the official death toll at 1,774, as of early Tuesday morning, with 2,487 wounded and 82 people listed as missing.
Aid agencies have warned that the security situation is worsening - there are reports of desperate survivors looting damaged shops and buildings for whatever they can take.
There were also reports that an aid convoy travelling to the badly-hit city of Tacloban was attacked and two of the assailants shot dead by troops.
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End Quote Saleh Saeed DEC chief executiveDEC members are doing all they can to get aid through but they need a huge injection of funds in order to do so"
Bodies are lying in the streets or buried under rubble. Some have been buried in mass graves.
Tacloban airport has been severely damaged, meaning aid planes were not able to land for some time. Large crowds have gathered at the airport hoping to be evacuated, but so far only a small number of people have been able to board planes.
The US is sending the aircraft carrier USS George Washington and other navy ships to help with the relief work. The UK's Royal Navy Destroyer HMS Daring is also making its way from Singapore.
Other countries have also pledged millions of dollars in assistance. Japan is providing $10m and Australia $9m in humanitarian aid, while New Zealand has pledged over $1m.
'Like 2004 tsunami'Haiyan - named "Yolanda" by Philippine authorities - struck the coastal provinces of Leyte and Samar on Friday. It was one of the most powerful storms on record to make landfall.
Authorities had evacuated hundreds of thousands of people before the typhoon arrived, but many evacuation centres - schools, churches and government buildings - proved unable to withstand the winds and storm surges.
Haiyan brought sustained winds of 235km/h (147mph), with gusts of 275 km/h (170 mph) and waves as high as 15m (45ft). In some places, as much as 400mm (15.75 inches) of rain fell.
The typhoon then headed west, sweeping through six central Philippine islands and into Vietnam, where state media said at least 13 people had died.
Several people were also reported killed in southern China, after Haiyan passed across on Monday morning.
In the UK, the Disaster Emergency Committee (DEC) group of 14 charities is to launch its own appeal later on Tuesday.
DEC chairman Salah Saeed compared the destruction in the city of Tacloban to that seen after the devastating tsunami of 2004.
"There is currently no food, water or electricity. We can only imagine how much worse the situation will be for families living in towns and remote villages," he said.
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