The World Health Organization is calling for a range of tough regulations restricting the use of e-cigarettes.
In a report the health body recommends banning their indoor use and says sales to children should stop.
The WHO urges manufacturers not to make claims the devices can help people quit smoking - until there is firm evidence to support this.
The report says flavours attractive to children should be prohibited.
According to the WHO legal steps should be taken to end the use of e-cigarettes indoors - both in public spaces and in work places.
The health experts suggest fruit, candy or alcoholic-drink style flavours should be banned too, while the sales of electronic cigarettes from vending machines should be heavily restricted.
1. On some e-cigarettes, inhalation activates the battery-powered atomiser. Other types are manually switched on
2. A heating coil inside the atomiser heats liquid nicotine contained in a cartridge
3. Liquid nicotine becomes vapour and is inhaled. The 'smoke' produced is largely water vapour. Many e-cigarettes have an LED light as a cosmetic feature to simulate traditional cigarette glow.
'Health threats'They call for restrictions on advertisements that encourage children and non-smokers to use the devices.
And the WHO report expresses concerns that exhaled e-cigarette vapour could increase the background air levels of some toxicants and nicotine.
The team says e-cigarette use poses threats to adolescents and foetuses of pregnant mothers using these devices.
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The British Medical Association says there is not enough evidence to show electronic cigarettes are safe
But some researchers suggest tough regulations may prevent smokers having access to products that are potentially less harmful than conventional cigarettes.
A spokesman for the British American Tobacco company said: "We have always said that given nicotine is addictive, minimum age laws of 18 for the sale of e-cigarettes should be introduced.
"However, if overly restrictive regulations are introduced hampering innovation or adult usage, then this could simply stifle the growth of new products and prevent smokers from being aware of and having access to them - this can only be bad thing for public health."
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