An income squeeze, benefit delays and excessive utility bills are blamed by a cross-party group of MPs for a huge rise in the use of food banks.
The inquiry, by Conservative and Labour MPs and church leaders, says many families are one unexpected bill away from financial crisis.
They urge quicker benefit payments, the extension of free school meals and a living wage to reduce hunger.
Downing Street said it would consider the report "seriously".
The all-party parliamentary inquiry into hunger in the UK was set up to understand the extent and spread of hunger, food poverty and to investigate its underlying causes.
"Start Quote
End Quote Hunger and Food Poverty reportToo many people... face the choice of putting money in the gas meter or food on the table"
The inquiry used analysis of food bank usage as a way of determining the problem.
It found it difficult to calculate the exact number of food banks in the UK as so many are independent and run by individual groups.
But it did ascertain the number of food banks run by the charity Trussell Trust has grown from a handful to 420 in the past 10 years. And it heard suggestions there may be at least as many food banks operating independently.
The growth in food bank use is mirrored across Europe and the US, the report said.
It acknowledged UK families on low incomes "have been hit disproportionately hard" by rising living costs and this has eroded the value of their income.
"Too many people living in low-income households often face the choice of putting money in the gas meter or food on the table," it said.
"In addition, they face in many cases a premium on the basic goods and services they buy."
Severe hardshipThe report said: "Benefit-related problems were the single biggest reason given for food bank referrals by almost every food bank that presented evidence to us.
It heard much evidence that lengthy delays in the administration and receipt of benefit payments have caused severe hardship for new claimants.
Continue reading the main storyHunger in the UK -
500,000 children live in families that can't afford to feed them
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3.5 million adults cannot afford to eat properly
500,000 children live in families that can't afford to feed them
3.5 million adults cannot afford to eat properly
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"The inquiry is concerned that there are avoidable problems occurring in the administration of social security benefits, which have a particularly detrimental impact on poor and vulnerable claimants."
It heard the Department for Work and Pensions does not currently collect information on the time taken for benefit payments to be made and said some people were waiting up to 16 weeks for a claim.
'Too long to survive'The department measures the average number of days taken between an application and a decision being made on a claim.
"Whilst the department aims for this process to be concluded within 16 days, we heard that for some claimants even this length of time is too long to survive without money," it said.
The authors want benefits to be delivered within five days of a legitimate claim and for more discretionary payments to be made when delays occur.
A government spokesman said it would examine concerns raised over the late payments of benefits.
The report also highlights the impact of high utility bills and say the poorest often pay for gas and electricity through prepayment meters, face higher energy costs and are unable to get the best deals.
They also looked at hunger in schools, with some schools estimating up to a quarter of pupils arrive hungry each morning.
While low parental income is an important factor, children often go hungry because of lack of organisation at home, they added.
They want free school meals to be extended to more children of low-income parents and for a campaign to decrease the number of children arriving at school hungry.
The MPs also recommend a national organisation be set up to end the destruction of edible food and ensure more of this goes to those who need it.
Robin Aitken, co-founder of the Oxford Food Bank, which passes surplus food from supermarkets to charities, said people had become more aware of food banks and this had contributed to their rise in popularity.
But Prof Liz Dowler, from the University of Warwick, said all the evidence showed food banks were often a last resort.
"They go there because they are desperate," she told the Today programme.
She also dismissed the idea that using surplus food was the solution to hunger in Britain.
"There is no evidence from any country which has systemised using food waste to feed hungry people that it is effective. It is better to reduce it," she said.
Life on the bread-line
The cupboards in the Western family household were almost bare when Paul and Rosie Western visited a food bank in Salisbury with their father Paul.
All they had left was two cans of beans and a loaf of bread.
Both 19-year-olds have become accustomed to going hungry since their father lost his job in the summer.
"We had no food for two weeks once," said Paul.
Astonishingly, Rosie says she can live without eating: "I've done it for a week before."
But for Paul, it has meant he has collapsed at work.
Their father Paul, 55, says until recently he has worked continuously for 40 years.
But his lack of IT skills and literacy problems have left him struggling to find work and grappling with a demanding benefits system.
"It's difficult to live on what they pay you and all the paper work that's involved."
He is clear he is not the only person in this predicament.
"There are tens of thousands of people in this situation."
"You are using one thing which is wrong with the food system to address another. Why should poor people have to eat waste left-over food?"
On Sunday, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, backed the report, saying more help was needed to prevent families in the UK going hungry.
He said food was being wasted in "astonishing" amounts while hunger "stalks large parts" of the country.
The archbishop said he was left more shocked by the plight of the UK's hunger-stricken poor than those suffering in African refugee camps, because it was so unexpected.
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg said benefits sanctions - for infractions such as missing interviews or failing to take part in a work-related activity - were partly to blame and should not always be imposed "overnight".
He told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show: "Whilst it is of course necessary to have sanctions in the benefit system, I think we should introduce a sort of traffic light system so that some of the sanctions are not imposed quite as 'overnight' as they sometimes are.
"That might help alleviate some of the problem."
'Safety net'A government spokesman welcomed the report's recognition that the reasons behind demands for emergency food assistance were "complex".
How does it work?
- The Trussell Trust is the largest food bank provider in the UK, with over 420 facilities
- Volunteers and staff collect, catalogue and distribute non-perishable food donations from the public
- To qualify for a food parcel, recipients must have been issued with a voucher by front-line agencies such as social services, the police or doctors
- Each visitor can be referred three times before the food bank asks further questions
"As a country we have enough food to go around, and we agree that it is wrong that anyone should go hungry at the same time as surplus food is going to waste.
"There is a moral argument as well as a sustainability one to ensure we make the best use of resources.
The spokesman said it was important to remember "this country has been through the deepest recession in living memory, and sticking to this government's long-term economic plan is the best way to improve living standards".
He said the plan was working and the economy growing while the welfare system provided a vital safety net.
Have you made use of food banks or do you help staff a food bank? What do you think of the findings of the inquiry? You can share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk. If you are willing to talk to a BBC journalist, please include a contact number.
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