David Cameron says he has begun the task of "turning the country around" and wants to "see it through", as the election campaign gets under way.
Speaking outside Downing Street, the prime minister urged voters to keep him in power to safeguard the recovery and provide the "strong leadership" needed.
He attacked Labour leader Ed Miliband saying he risked "economic chaos".
Earlier, Mr Miliband said the Conservatives' policy on the EU posed a clear "danger" to UK business.
Mr Cameron was speaking after he held a 10-minute audience with the Queen at Buckingham Palace, the last time he will meet the sovereign for the final time before polling day on 7 May.
Following months of unofficial campaigning, the five-and-a-half week race for No 10 - which commentators say could be most unpredictable election in a generation - has begun in earnest after Parliament was dissolved.
In other key developments on Monday:
- Ed Miliband launches Labour's business manifesto amid a row over corporate backing for its EU policy
- Deputy Prime Minister and Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg said his party would occupy the "reasoned centre ground" during the campaign
- UKIP leader Nigel Farage said his party was the "radical choice" as he prepared to outline the party's main election pledges
- Both Welsh Labour and Welsh Conservatives launch their campaigns
- The Green Party of England and Wales said it was offering a "message of hope" while The Green Party of Scotland launched its manifesto, including a pledge of a £10 minimum wage
- Former Lib Dem MP Mike Hancock has said he will stand as an independent in Portsmouth South
Issues likely to dominate the campaign include the economy and spending cuts, Britain's EU membership, the future of the NHS and immigration.
Analysis by political editor Nick Robinson
It's all about you. Not them. You. That's worth remembering if/when you tire of all those politicians, soundbites and photo opportunities that will fill the airwaves - and your inbox - from the formal start of the campaign today, until polling day.
About you because a general election is one of those rare times when your voice counts as much as anyone else's.
About you because you have the chance to help choose who represents you and your community in Parliament.
About you because you can influence who will run the country for the next five years and, therefore, help shape what sort of country you live in.
Rarely has there been a choice so wide or one with an impact which could be so dramatic.
Read more about me and the election
Speaking outside No 10, Mr Cameron promised to campaign in "all four corners of all four nations of the UK" during the next 38 days.
The election, he said, was "about moving forward after five years of effort and sacrifice" and suggested voters faced a "stark choice" between the Conservatives and Labour.
Policy guide: Key priorities
What are the top issues for each political party at the 2015 general election?
The UK was on the "right track", he insisted and outlining his campaign themes, said a Conservative government was needed to guarantee rising employment, lower taxes, greater home ownership, better schools and dignity in retirement.
"Together we are turning our country round, for your sake, for your family's sake, for the sake of your children and their future, we must see this through together."
He added: "This election also takes place when the world is dangerous and uncertain.
"So we need strong leadership to safeguard our national security as well as our economic security."
Full BBC Election 2015 coverage
Labour has said the economic recovery under the coalition has been the slowest in more than 100 years and resulted in a cost-of-living crisis.
It has pledged to raise living standards of "everyday working people by ensuring those with the broadest shoulders bear the greatest burden" while cutting the deficit and securing the future of the NHS.
Speaking on Monday in the City of London, Mr Miliband said the Tories represented a "clear and present danger" to jobs and prosperity by risking an exit from Europe.
Setting out Labour's commitment to UK membership of the EU, he also promised to "return Britain to a leadership role" in Brussels.
But Labour's economic credentials have been questioned by one of its leading donors, Dr Assem Allam, who told the Daily Telegraph that its plans for a "mansion tax" and a rise in the top rate of tax were "alienating" wealth-creators.
Mr Clegg had a separate audience with the Queen in his capacity as Lord President of the Council. In that role, he chairs the Privy Council - the historic body which advises the monarch.
Mr Clegg, who will later visit a hospital in the Midlands, told BBC Radio 4's Today his party would cut £50bn less than the Conservatives and borrow £70bn less than Labour.
"There is a real danger that British politics is being pulled to the right and the left," he said. "You see Labour haring off to the left, sticking its head in the sand and not dealing with the deficit.
"You see the Conservatives chasing after UKIP on the right and indulging in plans for ideological cuts to public services."
Government ministers remain in charge of their departments until a new administration is formed, but MPs cease to be members of Parliament and writs will be issued for elections in all 650 constituencies.
Both David Cameron and Ed Miliband have conceded the election is on a "knife edge" with opinion polls suggesting there is little to split the Conservatives and Labour.
A ComRes survey for ITV News and The Daily Mail on Monday suggested the Conservatives were leading Labour by 36% to 32% but a YouGov poll for the Sunday Times suggested the reverse, putting Labour on 36% and the Tories on 32% nationally.
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